Separation Anxiety Disorder in Children & Implications for Schooling
Author: Michael Valuta, UF Undergraduate student
Published: September 2024
Understanding Separation Anxiety Disorder in Children
Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is a common but serious condition that can significantly impact a child’s emotional well-being and daily life. While mild
separation anxiety is a normal part of childhood development, especially
between 18 months and three years of age, SAD is a more intense and
persistent form of anxiety that goes beyond what is typical for a child’s age.
What is Separation Anxiety Disorder?
SAD is characterized by excessive fear or anxiety about being separated from
a parent or caregiver. Children with SAD may experience overwhelming worry
that something bad will happen to them or their loved ones when they are
apart. This anxiety can manifest in various ways, including nightmares,
physical symptoms like stomachaches, and an intense fear of being alone.
For a diagnosis of SAD, these symptoms must be present for at least four
weeks and must be severe enough to interfere with the child’s daily activities.
The Connection Between SAD and School Refusal
One of the most challenging aspects of SAD for parents and educators is its
impact on school attendance. Children with SAD often refuse to go to school
because they fear being away from their parents or their home. This refusal
can stem from worries about what might happen to them or their loved ones
while they are apart. School refusal can lead to academic problems and
social isolation, further complicating the child’s anxiety and overall
development.
When a child refuses to go to school due to SAD, it is not a simple case of
disobedience. Rather, it is a symptom of their intense anxiety. These children
may exhibit physical symptoms, such as headaches or stomachaches, on
school mornings, or they may have meltdowns at the prospect of leaving
their parents. In some cases, the child may even experience panic attacks
when faced with the idea of going to school.
Causes and Risk Factors
The causes of SAD are believed to be a combination of biological and
environmental factors. Some children may inherit a predisposition to anxiety,
while others may develop SAD after a traumatic event, such as the loss of a
loved one or a significant life change. Children who have parents with anxiety
disorders are also at a higher risk of developing SAD.
Treatment and Support
Effective treatment for SAD often involves a combination of cognitive-
behavioral therapy (CBT) and, in some cases, medication. CBT helps children
learn to manage their anxiety by gradually facing their fears in a controlled
and supportive environment. Family therapy is also crucial, as parents play a
significant role in their child's recovery. Involving the school in the treatment
plan can help ensure that the child receives the necessary support to
manage their anxiety and attend school regularly.
Conclusion
SAD is a serious but treatable condition. Early intervention is key to helping
children manage their anxiety and lead healthy, fulfilling lives. If you suspect
your child may be struggling with SAD, the FLOAAT Center can provide an
accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
References:
https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions---
pediatrics/s/separation-anxiety-disorder-in-
children.html#:~:text=Separation%20anxiety%20is%20normal%20in,to%20
be%20diagnosed%20as%20SAD
